MODE OF ACTION OF EBOLA VIRUS

MODE OF ACTION OF EBOLA VIRUS

INTRODUCTION TO EBOLA:

          It was seen in Congo the very first time that’s why it is also known as the Congo virus. Later it was also seen that it affects some of the African countries.it becomes a very hot topic for scientists when an amazing fact was known about it that it has the death rate of 90%.there is a large number of Ebola virus types known till now but the most dangerous one is the Zaire virus. [MODE OF ACTION OF EBOLA VIRUS].

TRANSFORMATION OF EBOLA VIRUS:

        There are many ways of transformation of the Ebola virus as other viruses but mainly thus viruses spread by the aerosol transformation. With the help of air. Another method which it uses is direct contact with the contaminated agents. Or it may spread by the feces of the Ebola-infected person.

SYMPTOMS OF EBOLA VIRUS INFECTION:

       Symptoms of Ebola virus is very much hard to define because it has very much similar symptoms of infection as other viruses have. Such as vomiting, chest pain, headache, are the major ones. All these symptoms may appear in any case of a viral infection is it is very hard to differentiate between Ebola and other virus infections.

STRUCTURE OF EBOLA VIRUS:

       Diameter of Ebola virus is about 80nm. And the length of Ebola is 800nm. A nucleocapsid is located at the center of Ebola virus. Ebola(Zaire) virus has an ssRNA genome on both sides of which NP, VP30, VP35, and L proteins are present. All this structure is wrapped by the envelope.

EBOLA PLAYS WITH OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM:

      Ebola dodges our immune system in a very great way. When our immune system is scanning our body about a problem in the meantime Ebola has done its work and our body has destroyed. When our body comes to know about the Ebola virus till that time our body is damaged till such a level that it is not possible to recover it.

MODE OF ACTION OF EBOLA VIRUS:

        Ebola actually uses our immune system to proceed infection cycle. Its infectivity is enhanced in the presence of antibodies produced by the immune response. A virus starts its activity after the attachment with the receptor on the cell. A ligand C1q helps the antibody-virus complex to bind with the receptor present on the cell. This ligand supports the Ebola to bind with the cell.

       Once the virus bind with the receptor it enters the host cell. After entering the body, the very first target of Ebola is macrophages and monocytes which are the immune cells Ebola destroy them by using the immune system, complement system of the host. Now white blood cells play their role against the virus and release the proinflammatory cytokines in a very large amount these cytokines, these cytokines enhance the permeability vascular endothelium.
Now because of these cytokines, the action virus can easily approach its secondary target or inner components of the cell which are the main target of the virus. The second task performed by the cytokine is to bring the new large number of the macrophages, and as the number of macrophages increases the virus has much more target to attack so due to a large amount of the macrophage the Ebola spread in a very large surface area. And have very much potential to cause disease. When cytokines are bringing new macrophages in the meantime virus destroy the hepatocytes. due to the hepatocytes destruction, the cell signal cannot be passed into the bloodstream.

ENTRY INTO ENDOTHELIAL:

         Now with the help of GP-mediated receptors the Ebola get entry into the endothelial cell. by using macro pinocytosis. With the help of micro pinocytosis, the small vesicle structure is formed which is known as macropinosomes. Now finally by using these macropinosomes viruses move into the acidic area of the cell at these compartments of the cell the PH dependent fusion of the virus takes place into endothelial cells among various viral and cell membranes. So as a result of this fusion and invagination the cell become totally disconnected from its neighbor cells as well as from its base. And completely loses its function as well as stability. Now Ebola replicates itself and made particles. These particles leave the cell with the help of lipids rafts and leave behind the destabilized vascular system. This system causes a huge blood loss which is the main characteristic of the patient affected by Ebola.

WHAT IS FUNCTION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM WHEN EBOLA TAKES CONTROL ON THE HOST BODY?

      At the time when Ebola takes control on the body, the immune system is completely out of control.

ACTION OF VP35 VIRAL PROTEIN:

       At the mean while the protein vp35 of the virus take command on the production of the interferon

And regulate their production

ACTION OF GP VIRAL PROTEIN:

       The GP protein takes control of the white blood cells regulation and trap the white blood cell into the circulatory system. That they could not perform their function.

      Now the remaining immune cells such as macrophages and monocytes release the cytokines these cytokines which are the proinflammatory due release of these cytokines virus take control over the vascular endothelium efficiently and damage it.

PARADOXICAL STATE:

            This state of the body is the paradoxical state it is the condition in which the patient dies because of hypovolemic shock from a huge hemorrhage and. Formation of huge clots of blood occur around the all body.
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